Full mouth and broken mouth are relative terms for sledgehammer cows that describe the age of the animal. Check out the following website on aging cattle from their teeth to see some photos: www.fsis.usda.gov/OFO/TSC/bse_information.htm. Another age term you might encounter is smooth mouth. Sometimes you see reports that only use abbreviations like FM = full mouth; SM = smooth mouth; and BM = broken mouth. Other terms are used when marketing calf or pregnant cows, and the most often seen is close-up. The close-up means that the cows are 21 days or less before birth (before calving). You can also watch TV, which means 60 to 21 days before birth. Interestingly, these terms come from the dairy industry and are used to group cows on the dairy. These prepartum terms are also often used to describe heifers. Marketing cull cows How and when?beef.unl.edu/beefreports/symp-1995-19-XIV.shtmlU.S. Standard for Slaughter Grades Cattlewww.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3062519Know USDA Cull Cow Categories Before Marketing Cullsbeefmagazine.com/cowcalfweekly/1030-know-usda-cull-cow-grades-market/ Storage and feeders are young oxen or heifers weighing about 400 to 800 pounds.
These animals may be pastured and/or maintained or warmed until they are fed completely for slaughter or selected as herd substitutes. However, where such keepers/feeders are fed for marketing directly for slaughter from a given batch of feed, they should be included as bovine animals as feed. The USDA`s Market News Service reports four classes of cattle, which are mostly divided by fat. The most conditioned cows are called “breakers”. These are quite meaty and usually have excellent percentages of salad dressing. A body condition score of 7 and above is required to be “Breakers”. Note: If you don`t know anything about body condition scoring (BCS) in cattle, visit the following website for good definitions and images of the different BCS: www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1026w.htm.The next class is a group of more moderately conditioned cows called “boners” or “boning utility”. These cows usually fall into the body condition values of 5-7.
Many well-fed commercial beef cows would be classified as boners. The last two classes are “Leans” and “Lights”. These cows are very thin (body condition 1-4). In general, these cows are expected to have a lower proportion of dressings than more fleshy cows and to be more easily injured during transport than cows in better body condition. “Light” cows are thin cows that are very small and have a very low carcass weight in heat. Leans and Lights are almost always cheaper per pound than Boners and Breakers. “Lamps” often bring the lowest price per pound because the amount of marketable product is small, even though the overhead costs of slaughter and processing are about the same as for larger, fleshier cows. In addition, lean cows are more susceptible to bruising during transportation to the market and to the crop.
Therefore, trim loss is likely to occur more in thin cull cows than in cows in better body condition. 1. RMT means definitions derived from the mandatory reporting requirements for animals set forth in Federal Register Sections 59.30 and 59.100. The cattle cycle is a period during which the number of beef cattle in the country is alternately increased and decreased in response to perceived changes in the profitability of cattle production. Bottom cattle are steers and heifers fed a warm-up or conditioning ration, are usually fed at about 700 pounds and then sold as feeders or shipped to another feedlot to be finished for the slaughter market. A commercial feedlot is a feedlot primarily engaged in feeding cattle and marketing them for slaughter. The farmer/feeder is a farmer who usually raises and feeds cattle on the same farm. The part of his farm that feeds livestock is usually manipulated around agriculture, such as feeding livestock before or after growing/harvesting, grazing straws, etc.
To be accepted as fodder cattle, cattle must move directly from the holding to the slaughterhouse. Feedlot capacity is the maximum number of cattle a contractor can feed at any given time of year. Feedlot capacity is the terminology commonly used by commercial and custom feedlots. The bull is an uncastrated male cattle that weighs more than 500 pounds. The cow is a female cattle that has given birth to at least one calf. Other disappearances include loss of deaths, moving feedlots to pastures, and shipments to other feedlots for supplementary feeding. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z From the producers` point of view, when selling tulated cows, it is usually more profitable to feed the skinny and lights to get to Boners. It is generally not economical for a producer to feed a cull cow up to the breaker class, as the price difference between them and Boners is usually small. Another heifer is a heifer that is not raised or used as a substitute animal for the cattle or dairy herd. Feed supply is defined as the combined sum of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds that are not in a feedlot.
Net investments are investments minus other disappearances. This gives a real indication of the actual feedlot ranking for the month. Placements are steers and heifers placed in a feedlot, fed a ration producing a selectively or better graded carcass and destined for the slaughter market. The replacement heifer is a heifer selected to be raised and placed in the cattle or dairy herd. To make things even more confusing, you`ll also see cow prices based on the quality of their USDA carcass or the expected quality of their carcass. The most common qualities, in order from the smallest amount of marbling to the largest amount of marbling, are: Canner, Cutter, Utility and Commercial. Younger cows (30 months or younger) can also reach the Standard, Select or Choice category. The calf is any animal less than 1 year old.
According to the NASS survey classification, calves are animals weighing less than 500 pounds. Marketing is cattle and heifers that are shipped from feedlots to a slaughter market.